How to Become a Dermatologist: 8 Steps to Take

Becoming a dermatologist involves diving into rigorous education, undergoing extensive training, and picking up specialized skills along the way. In this article, we're going to walk you through the steps to become a dermatologist.

Whether you're thinking about med school or you're already in healthcare and curious about what it takes, we've got you covered.

How to Become a Dermatologist

Now that we have tackled the duties and skills you need to know before deciding to become a dermatologist let's dive into the necessary steps to become one.

Complete a Bachelor's Degree

The first step toward becoming a dermatologist is to complete a bachelor's degree, which usually takes four years. While the choice of major is flexible, many aspiring dermatologists opt for science-related fields such as Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, or Psychology. These majors align with the prerequisite courses required for medical school admission.

During this phase, it's vital to maintain a competitive GPA, which is a significant factor in medical school admissions.

Pass the MCAT

If you intend to apply to medical schools in the United States, Australia, Canada, or the Caribbean Islands, it's highly probable that you'll need to successfully complete the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test). This standardized computer-based exam is specifically designed to assess problem-solving, critical thinking, and knowledge of natural, behavioral, and social science concepts and principles.

Preparing for the MCAT is essential. Most aspiring dermatologists spend several months studying and reviewing relevant science concepts, practicing with sample questions, and taking full-length practice exams. Many resources, both online and in print, are available to help you prepare.

MCAT scores, ranging from 472 to 528, are assigned to individual sections and summed for a total score. These scores are crucial components of your medical school application, alongside academic records, letters of recommendation, personal statements, and extracurriculars, all of which admission committees consider during their evaluation.

Enroll in Medical School

Aspiring dermatologists typically pursue Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degrees in medical school. Both M.D. and D.O. programs provide a solid foundation in general medicine and allow you to choose dermatology as your specialty during residency.

In countries like the United States, these programs are accredited by organizations such as the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) for M.D. programs and the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) for D.O. programs.

Curriculum and Training

Medical school programs are rigorous and comprehensive, generally spanning four years. The curriculum typically includes:

• Preclinical Years. The first two years focus on foundational science coursework, covering subjects like anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. You'll also learn clinical skills and begin patient interactions.
• Clinical Rotations. In the third and fourth years, you'll undertake clinical rotations, gaining hands-on experience in various medical specialties, including internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and more. While dermatology-specific rotations are limited during medical school, you'll gain essential clinical skills and exposure to various medical disciplines.
• USMLE or COMLEX. In the United States, medical students follow different national board examination pathways depending on their program type. Allopathic (M.D.) students are required to pass the USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 exams, while osteopathic (D.O.) students must successfully complete the COMLEX tests.

Complete an Internship (PGY-1 year)

After graduating from medical school, you will have to embark on a one-year internship known as the Post-Graduate Year-1 (PGY-1). This transitional year is essential as it bridges the gap between medical school and specialized dermatology training. During your PGY-1 year, you work in various clinical settings such as teaching hospitals, clinics, and emergency departments.

The primary goal is to gain a comprehensive understanding of general medicine, hone essential clinical skills, and prepare for the USMLE Step 3 or COMLEX Level 3 examination, a prerequisite for obtaining a full medical license and advancing in your dermatology career. Although dermatology is not the primary focus during this year, the experiences you gain will provide a solid foundation for your subsequent specialized dermatology residency.

Begin & Complete Dermatology Residency

After the PGY-1 internship, the next critical step is entering a dermatology residency program. This residency program typically spans three years and is dedicated entirely to specialized training in dermatologic medicine. During this phase, you will immerse yourself in the world of dermatology, gaining expertise in diagnosing and treating a wide range of skin, hair, and nail conditions.

The dermatology residency includes clinical rotations in various settings, where you will actively engage with patients. Additionally, you will develop procedural skills, explore dermatopathology, participate in research projects, and contribute to conferences and publications.

Consider Fellowship (Optional)

If you want to gain advanced knowledge and skills in a specific area of dermatology, you can consider a fellowship after completing your residency. A fellowship offers in-depth education, clinical experience, and often research opportunities in a specific subspecialty of dermatology.

Some subspecialties you can explore include:

• Dermatopathology. Specializes in diagnosing complex skin diseases by examining biopsy specimens.
• Procedural Dermatology. Focuses on performing skin surgeries and minimally invasive procedures.
• Pediatric Dermatology. Addresses skin issues in children, from common conditions to rare pediatric skin diseases.
• Cosmetic Dermatology. Enhances skin appearance through treatments like Botox, fillers, and laser therapies.
• Mohs Surgery. Specializes in the precise removal of skin cancer while preserving healthy tissue.
• Teledermatology. Provides remote dermatologic consultations and care using telemedicine platforms.

Obtain Board Certification

After successfully completing your dermatology residency, you'll be well-prepared to pursue board certification in dermatology, a vital step for gaining the independence to practice dermatology.

To begin, you'll need to meet specific eligibility criteria set by your country's certification board. This usually involves completing an accredited dermatology residency program, securing a medical license, and satisfying any additional board requirements.

Next, you'll need to submit an application indicating your intention to pursue certification, along with detailed information about your medical education and clinical experience. The heart of board certification lies in a comprehensive examination that assesses your knowledge across various aspects of dermatology. In the United States, this examination is administered by the American Board of Dermatology (ABD).

The certification board will evaluate your application, exam performance, and overall qualifications carefully. Successful candidates receive board certification in dermatology. Following board certification, dermatologists often participate in a maintenance of certification (MOC) program to stay current in the field. This process ensures you maintain high-quality patient care standards and reflects your commitment to excellence in dermatology practice.

Officially Start Your Career as a Dermatologist

The final step in becoming a dermatologist is to embark on your career in the field officially. After completing your dermatology residency, obtaining board certification, and possibly a fellowship, you have various options to consider:

• Private Practice. Many dermatologists choose to establish their private practices, providing general dermatology care or specializing in specific areas like cosmetic dermatology or dermatologic surgery.
• Academic Medicine. Pursuing a career in academic medicine allows you to combine clinical practice with teaching and research at medical universities and institutions.
• Hospital-Based Practice. Some dermatologists work within hospital settings, often focusing on treating severe skin conditions, consulting on complex cases, or performing specialized procedures.
• Group Practice. Joining a group practice with other dermatologists can offer collaboration and shared resources, providing comprehensive care to patients.
• Government or Public Health. Working for government agencies or public health organizations may involve roles such as providing dermatologic care to underserved populations or contributing to public health initiatives.
• Industry and Research. Opportunities exist in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, where dermatologists can be involved in research and product development.

Becoming a dermatologist is rewarding but challenging. Keep learning, network with mentors, and join associations for support and resources. Stay updated on advances, embrace technology, and prioritize patient care. This dedication ensures a successful and fulfilling dermatology career.